August 2010
Reinsurance Newsletter #45
Arbitration News / 31 August 2010
In this issue: Supreme Court Addresses Court’s Role in Arbitration / Second Circuit Holds That When an Arbitrator Resigns, a Replacement Arbitrator Is Appointed and Not an Entirely New Panel / Tenth Circuit Affirms Motion to Compel Arbitration But Reverses...
Reinsurance Newsletter #45
Arbitration News / 31 August 2010
In this issue: Supreme Court Addresses Court’s Role in Arbitration / Second Circuit Holds That When an Arbitrator Resigns, a Replacement Arbitrator Is Appointed and Not an Entirely New Panel / Tenth Circuit Affirms Motion to Compel Arbitration But Reverses...
Reinsurance Newsletter #45
Arbitration News / 31 August 2010
In this issue: Supreme Court Addresses Court’s Role in Arbitration / Second Circuit Holds That When an Arbitrator Resigns, a Replacement Arbitrator Is Appointed and Not an Entirely New Panel / Tenth Circuit Affirms Motion to Compel Arbitration But Reverses...
Proposed changes to adjudication
Adjudication News / 27 August 2010
Adjudication is a useful tool for parties involved in construction disputes who are looking to resolve an issue, either during the course of or at the end of a project, as quickly and cost effectively as possible. Whilst an adjudicator's...
Proposed changes to adjudication
Adjudication News / 27 August 2010
Adjudication is a useful tool for parties involved in construction disputes who are looking to resolve an issue, either during the course of or at the end of a project, as quickly and cost effectively as possible. Whilst an adjudicator's...
Proposed changes to adjudication
Adjudication News / 27 August 2010
Adjudication is a useful tool for parties involved in construction disputes who are looking to resolve an issue, either during the course of or at the end of a project, as quickly and cost effectively as possible. Whilst an adjudicator's...
Getting Value for Money from Arbitration - Part 2 of a 2-part series: International Arbitration
Arbitration News / 26 August 2010
One of the most important questions that parties should ask before concluding a contract is what should the "settlement of disputes" clause in our contract be? Which is preferfable: a clause providing for international arbitration, through a body such as...
Getting Value for Money from Arbitration - Part 2 of a 2-part series: International Arbitration
Arbitration News / 26 August 2010
One of the most important questions that parties should ask before concluding a contract is what should the "settlement of disputes" clause in our contract be? Which is preferfable: a clause providing for international arbitration, through a body such as...
Getting Value for Money from Arbitration - Part 2 of a 2-part series: International Arbitration
Arbitration News / 26 August 2010
One of the most important questions that parties should ask before concluding a contract is what should the "settlement of disputes" clause in our contract be? Which is preferfable: a clause providing for international arbitration, through a body such as...
Breakfast briefings for lawyers
CIArb News / 26 August 2010
CIArb is organising a series of breakfast seminars for litigation associates and trainees in London law firms. The aim of the meetings is to raise the profile of all forms of ADR. Each briefing will focus on a different topical...
Adjudicator's appointment and decisions
Adjudication News / 25 August 2010
Includes: How quickly is the adjudicator required to deliver his decision? / Does a pre-existing relationship of the adjudicator with one of the parties amount to bias?...
Adjudicator's appointment and decisions
Adjudication News / 25 August 2010
Includes: How quickly is the adjudicator required to deliver his decision? / Does a pre-existing relationship of the adjudicator with one of the parties amount to bias?...
Adjudicator's appointment and decisions
Adjudication News / 25 August 2010
Includes: How quickly is the adjudicator required to deliver his decision? / Does a pre-existing relationship of the adjudicator with one of the parties amount to bias?...
Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules 2010 – key amendments seek to improve on its regional advantage
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
The fourth edition of the SIAC Rules came into operation on 1 July 2010. The new Rules (which remain based on the SIAC 2007 Rules) seek to reduce unnecessary delays in arbitrations and expedite certain urgent matters. A list of...
Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules 2010 – key amendments seek to improve on its regional advantage
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
The fourth edition of the SIAC Rules came into operation on 1 July 2010. The new Rules (which remain based on the SIAC 2007 Rules) seek to reduce unnecessary delays in arbitrations and expedite certain urgent matters. A list of...
Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules 2010 – key amendments seek to improve on its regional advantage
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
The fourth edition of the SIAC Rules came into operation on 1 July 2010. The new Rules (which remain based on the SIAC 2007 Rules) seek to reduce unnecessary delays in arbitrations and expedite certain urgent matters. A list of...
Arbitration in Australia: How Recent Reforms Have Improved the Conduct of International Arbitration and the Enforcement of Awards
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
Arbitration in Australia: How Recent Reforms Have Improved the Conduct of International Arbitration and the Enforcement of Awards
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
Arbitration in Australia: How Recent Reforms Have Improved the Conduct of International Arbitration and the Enforcement of Awards
Arbitration News / 24 August 2010
Recent reforms to the International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) (the "Act") have increased the certainty and effectiveness of conducting and enforcing international arbitrations in Australia. The Act applies to arbitration agreements made in relation to international trade and commerce. Most...
Is Stolt-Nielsen a Game-Changer for Companies Considering the Use of Arbitration?
Arbitration News / 20 August 2010
In weighing the pros and cons of alternative dispute resolution in the employment context, the scale often tips against the use of arbitration agreements due to concerns such as whether the promised speed and efficiency will, in fact, materialize in...
Is Stolt-Nielsen a Game-Changer for Companies Considering the Use of Arbitration?
Arbitration News / 20 August 2010
In weighing the pros and cons of alternative dispute resolution in the employment context, the scale often tips against the use of arbitration agreements due to concerns such as whether the promised speed and efficiency will, in fact, materialize in...
Is Stolt-Nielsen a Game-Changer for Companies Considering the Use of Arbitration?
Arbitration News / 20 August 2010
In weighing the pros and cons of alternative dispute resolution in the employment context, the scale often tips against the use of arbitration agreements due to concerns such as whether the promised speed and efficiency will, in fact, materialize in...
Arbitration Matters - September 2010
Arbitration News / 19 August 2010
In this edition: Court endorsement of the right to arbitrate / Stay of enforcement of New York Convention award....
Arbitration Matters - September 2010
Arbitration News / 19 August 2010
In this edition: Court endorsement of the right to arbitrate / Stay of enforcement of New York Convention award....
Arbitration Matters - September 2010
Arbitration News / 19 August 2010
In this edition: Court endorsement of the right to arbitrate / Stay of enforcement of New York Convention award....
Transitional Arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties between EU Member States and Third Countries after the Lisbon Treaty
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In July 2010, the European Commission released a draft regulation establishing transitional arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) between EU Member States and third countries. The draft regulation addresses the status of BITs of Member States following the removal...
Transitional Arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties between EU Member States and Third Countries after the Lisbon Treaty
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In July 2010, the European Commission released a draft regulation establishing transitional arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) between EU Member States and third countries. The draft regulation addresses the status of BITs of Member States following the removal...
Transitional Arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties between EU Member States and Third Countries after the Lisbon Treaty
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In July 2010, the European Commission released a draft regulation establishing transitional arrangements for Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) between EU Member States and third countries. The draft regulation addresses the status of BITs of Member States following the removal...
Vietnam: New Arbitration Law (Japan dispute avoidance newsletter 96(English)) (17 August 2010)
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In June 2010, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed a new Law on Commercial Arbitration (the "Arbitration Law"). This legislation, which will come into force on 1 January 2011, will replace the current Arbitration Ordinance on Commercial Arbitration of 2003 (the...
Vietnam: New Arbitration Law (Japan dispute avoidance newsletter 96(English)) (17 August 2010)
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In June 2010, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed a new Law on Commercial Arbitration (the "Arbitration Law"). This legislation, which will come into force on 1 January 2011, will replace the current Arbitration Ordinance on Commercial Arbitration of 2003 (the...
Vietnam: New Arbitration Law (Japan dispute avoidance newsletter 96(English)) (17 August 2010)
Arbitration News / 18 August 2010
In June 2010, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed a new Law on Commercial Arbitration (the "Arbitration Law"). This legislation, which will come into force on 1 January 2011, will replace the current Arbitration Ordinance on Commercial Arbitration of 2003 (the...
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules have commenced
Arbitration News / 17 August 2010
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (UNCITRAL Rules) commenced on 15 August 2010. The revised UNCITRAL Rules will apply to any new arbitration agreements concluded after 15 August 2010 adopting the UNCITRAL Rules. They may also apply to arbitrations commenced after 15...
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules have commenced
Arbitration News / 17 August 2010
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (UNCITRAL Rules) commenced on 15 August 2010. The revised UNCITRAL Rules will apply to any new arbitration agreements concluded after 15 August 2010 adopting the UNCITRAL Rules. They may also apply to arbitrations commenced after 15...
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules have commenced
Arbitration News / 17 August 2010
Revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (UNCITRAL Rules) commenced on 15 August 2010. The revised UNCITRAL Rules will apply to any new arbitration agreements concluded after 15 August 2010 adopting the UNCITRAL Rules. They may also apply to arbitrations commenced after 15...
Hong Kong's Civil Justice Reform in review
Mediation News / 17 August 2010
Substantial statutory reform to the practice and procedure of the Hong Kong Court system became effective on 2 April 2009; the so called "Civil Justice Reform" (CJR). The underlying objectives of the CJR - which parties have a duty to...
Hong Kong's Civil Justice Reform in review
Mediation News / 17 August 2010
Substantial statutory reform to the practice and procedure of the Hong Kong Court system became effective on 2 April 2009; the so called "Civil Justice Reform" (CJR). The underlying objectives of the CJR - which parties have a duty to...
Hong Kong's Civil Justice Reform in review
Mediation News / 17 August 2010
Substantial statutory reform to the practice and procedure of the Hong Kong Court system became effective on 2 April 2009; the so called "Civil Justice Reform" (CJR). The underlying objectives of the CJR - which parties have a duty to...
The Canadian Chapter in the The International Comparative Legal Guide to: International Arbitration 2010
Arbitration News / 16 August 2010
What, if any, are the legal requirements of an arbitration agreement under the laws of Canada?...
The Canadian Chapter in the The International Comparative Legal Guide to: International Arbitration 2010
Arbitration News / 16 August 2010
What, if any, are the legal requirements of an arbitration agreement under the laws of Canada?...
The Canadian Chapter in the The International Comparative Legal Guide to: International Arbitration 2010
Arbitration News / 16 August 2010
What, if any, are the legal requirements of an arbitration agreement under the laws of Canada?...
Construction Newsletter- August 2010
Adjudication News / 16 August 2010
In this issue: TressCox builds on national construction practice / So... what exactly are liquidated damages? / Unfair Contracts - New Legislation Commenced 1 July 2010 / A Call For Evidence? - Supporting Documentation to an Adjudication Application made pursuant...
Construction Newsletter- August 2010
Adjudication News / 16 August 2010
In this issue: TressCox builds on national construction practice / So... what exactly are liquidated damages? / Unfair Contracts - New Legislation Commenced 1 July 2010 / A Call For Evidence? - Supporting Documentation to an Adjudication Application made pursuant...
Construction Newsletter- August 2010
Adjudication News / 16 August 2010
In this issue: TressCox builds on national construction practice / So... what exactly are liquidated damages? / Unfair Contracts - New Legislation Commenced 1 July 2010 / A Call For Evidence? - Supporting Documentation to an Adjudication Application made pursuant...
Construction and Engineering Case Flash: Adjudication - Payment under NEC3
Adjudication News / 14 August 2010
Cases on NEC forms are quite rare. A recent case in the Scottish Courts (RBG Limited v SGL Carbon Fibers Limited [2010] CSOH 77) explaining the effect of the NEC3 Option C payment mechanism under clauses 50 and 51 is...
Security for payment: bonds and guarantees – five pitfalls and protection
Adjudication News / 13 August 2010
In the current economic climate, security for payment is key. Although banks have started to lend money again, they remain cautious and those construction firms with weak balance sheets remain at risk of insolvency. This article will discuss five pitfalls...
Security for payment: bonds and guarantees – five pitfalls and protection
Adjudication News / 13 August 2010
In the current economic climate, security for payment is key. Although banks have started to lend money again, they remain cautious and those construction firms with weak balance sheets remain at risk of insolvency. This article will discuss five pitfalls...
Security for payment: bonds and guarantees – five pitfalls and protection
Adjudication News / 13 August 2010
In the current economic climate, security for payment is key. Although banks have started to lend money again, they remain cautious and those construction firms with weak balance sheets remain at risk of insolvency. This article will discuss five pitfalls...
Dispute resolution developments in Bahrain: Creation of a New Arbitral Institution and Introduction of a Form of Statutory Arbitration
Arbitration News / 13 August 2010
The Kingdom of Bahrain has a long-standing history of arbitration dating back to the nineteenth century. Bahrain was one of the first Gulf countries to sign the New York Convention (NYC) in 1988, and since 1994 has had an international...
Dispute resolution developments in Bahrain: Creation of a New Arbitral Institution and Introduction of a Form of Statutory Arbitration
Arbitration News / 13 August 2010
The Kingdom of Bahrain has a long-standing history of arbitration dating back to the nineteenth century. Bahrain was one of the first Gulf countries to sign the New York Convention (NYC) in 1988, and since 1994 has had an international...
Dispute resolution developments in Bahrain: Creation of a New Arbitral Institution and Introduction of a Form of Statutory Arbitration
Arbitration News / 13 August 2010
The Kingdom of Bahrain has a long-standing history of arbitration dating back to the nineteenth century. Bahrain was one of the first Gulf countries to sign the New York Convention (NYC) in 1988, and since 1994 has had an international...
Washington Supreme Court Statutes of Limitations Do Not Apply In Arbitration
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
The Washington Supreme Court recently decided that statutes of limitation do not apply in arbitrations unless the parties expressly agree. This means stale claims subject to arbitration may now be brought years – even decades – after they were otherwise...
Washington Supreme Court Statutes of Limitations Do Not Apply In Arbitration
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
The Washington Supreme Court recently decided that statutes of limitation do not apply in arbitrations unless the parties expressly agree. This means stale claims subject to arbitration may now be brought years – even decades – after they were otherwise...
Washington Supreme Court Statutes of Limitations Do Not Apply In Arbitration
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
The Washington Supreme Court recently decided that statutes of limitation do not apply in arbitrations unless the parties expressly agree. This means stale claims subject to arbitration may now be brought years – even decades – after they were otherwise...
LawSuit Litigation E-zine (May 2010)
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
In this summer edition of Lawsuit, we will give you briefings on winding up petitions as a useful way to make unwilling debtors cough up and also a potential tax windfall for UK expats in Spain. In addition, we take...
LawSuit Litigation E-zine (May 2010)
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
In this summer edition of Lawsuit, we will give you briefings on winding up petitions as a useful way to make unwilling debtors cough up and also a potential tax windfall for UK expats in Spain. In addition, we take...
LawSuit Litigation E-zine (May 2010)
Arbitration News / 12 August 2010
In this summer edition of Lawsuit, we will give you briefings on winding up petitions as a useful way to make unwilling debtors cough up and also a potential tax windfall for UK expats in Spain. In addition, we take...
CIArb Trustee nominations
CIArb News / 12 August 2010
CIArb is pleased to announce that the following valid nominations have been received in respect of the Trustee elections to be held in September 2010....
Litigating Arbitration Agreements: Recent United States Supreme Court Decisions Provide Guidance to Employers Looking to Avoid Court
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
Despite entering into arbitration agreements with their employees, employers all too often find themselves in court adverse to the very employees who have signed an arbitration agreement. The U.S. Supreme Court recently issued three arbitration decisions that have important implications...
Litigating Arbitration Agreements: Recent United States Supreme Court Decisions Provide Guidance to Employers Looking to Avoid Court
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
Despite entering into arbitration agreements with their employees, employers all too often find themselves in court adverse to the very employees who have signed an arbitration agreement. The U.S. Supreme Court recently issued three arbitration decisions that have important implications...
Arbitration cases: favourable developments for employers
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
Recent decisions rendered by the US Supreme Court, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the New York State Court of Appeals generally bode well for employers with respect to the enforcement of their arbitration agreements with...
Arbitration cases: favourable developments for employers
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
Recent decisions rendered by the US Supreme Court, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the New York State Court of Appeals generally bode well for employers with respect to the enforcement of their arbitration agreements with...
Arbitration cases: favourable developments for employers
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
Recent decisions rendered by the US Supreme Court, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the New York State Court of Appeals generally bode well for employers with respect to the enforcement of their arbitration agreements with...
Construction and Engineering Case Flash: Adjudication - Payment under NEC3
Adjudication News / 11 August 2010
Cases on NEC forms are quite rare. A recent case in the Scottish Courts (RBG Limited v SGL Carbon Fibers Limited [2010] CSOH 77) explaining the effect of the NEC3 Option C payment mechanism under clauses 50 and 51 is...
Construction and Engineering Case Flash: Adjudication - Payment under NEC3
Adjudication News / 11 August 2010
Cases on NEC forms are quite rare. A recent case in the Scottish Courts (RBG Limited v SGL Carbon Fibers Limited [2010] CSOH 77) explaining the effect of the NEC3 Option C payment mechanism under clauses 50 and 51 is...
Rusal Seeks Arbitration Against Interros for Norilsk
Arbitration News / 11 August 2010
United Co. Rusal, battling with billionaire Vladimir Potanin’s Interros Holding Co. for control of Russia’s largest mining company, said it filed a request for arbitration over the dispute....
The latest twist in how the Courts approach concurrent delays
Adjudication News / 10 August 2010
With the advent of statutory adjudication, there has been very little coming out of the Courts in recent years which develops the law as it relates to construction. The Courts seem to be pre-occupied by the enforcement of adjudicator’s decisions...
The latest twist in how the Courts approach concurrent delays
Adjudication News / 10 August 2010
With the advent of statutory adjudication, there has been very little coming out of the Courts in recent years which develops the law as it relates to construction. The Courts seem to be pre-occupied by the enforcement of adjudicator’s decisions...
The latest twist in how the Courts approach concurrent delays
Adjudication News / 10 August 2010
With the advent of statutory adjudication, there has been very little coming out of the Courts in recent years which develops the law as it relates to construction. The Courts seem to be pre-occupied by the enforcement of adjudicator’s decisions...
A Limit to the “Rough and Ready Procedure” – Exercising the adjudication power in good faith and allowing natural justice
Adjudication News / 05 August 2010
A recent decision of the Supreme Court of NSW has affirmed the requirement for adjudicators to act in good faith when making determinations under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW) (the Act)...
A Limit to the “Rough and Ready Procedure” – Exercising the adjudication power in good faith and allowing natural justice
Adjudication News / 05 August 2010
A recent decision of the Supreme Court of NSW has affirmed the requirement for adjudicators to act in good faith when making determinations under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW) (the Act)...
A Limit to the “Rough and Ready Procedure” – Exercising the adjudication power in good faith and allowing natural justice
Adjudication News / 05 August 2010
A recent decision of the Supreme Court of NSW has affirmed the requirement for adjudicators to act in good faith when making determinations under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW) (the Act)1. It also reinforces...
Vietnam Aribitration Update
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
There have been a number of recent legislative and rule changes that will affect the arbitration landscape in Vietnam: • A new Law on Commercial Arbitration will come into effect from 1 January 2011, which replaces the existing Ordinance of...
Vietnam Aribitration Update
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
There have been a number of recent legislative and rule changes that will affect the arbitration landscape in Vietnam: • A new Law on Commercial Arbitration will come into effect from 1 January 2011, which replaces the existing Ordinance of...
Vietnam Aribitration Update
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
There have been a number of recent legislative and rule changes that will affect the arbitration landscape in Vietnam: • A new Law on Commercial Arbitration will come into effect from 1 January 2011, which replaces the existing Ordinance of...
Russian Higher Arbitrazh Court Confirms Validity of MICEX Arbitration Clause, but Questions Remain
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
The trading of financial instruments and commodities on an exchange is by nature a business that is fast and dynamic, and in this area more than many others it is vital that the courts be pragmatic, striking the right balance...
Russian Higher Arbitrazh Court Confirms Validity of MICEX Arbitration Clause, but Questions Remain
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
The trading of financial instruments and commodities on an exchange is by nature a business that is fast and dynamic, and in this area more than many others it is vital that the courts be pragmatic, striking the right balance...
Russian Higher Arbitrazh Court Confirms Validity of MICEX Arbitration Clause, but Questions Remain
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
The trading of financial instruments and commodities on an exchange is by nature a business that is fast and dynamic, and in this area more than many others it is vital that the courts be pragmatic, striking the right balance...
Appeal Court Quashes Arbitral Award Regarding Protection of Personal Information
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
PDF Version In Syndicat de Autobus Terremont ltée (CSN) c. Autobus Terremont ltée[i] the Quebec Court of Appeal held that a grievance arbitrator's interpretation of "third persons" and "consent" for purposes of the Act respecting the protection of personal information...
Rent-A-Center, Inc. v. Jackson — Who Is The Proper ‘Gatekeeper’ Of Arbitrability? Divided Supreme Court Reverses Ninth Circuit In Rent-A-Center, West, Inc. v. Jackson
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
Near the close of its 2009-2010 term, the United States Supreme Court, by a 5-4 decision, applied the doctrine of separability2 established in Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood & Conklin Mfg. Co.3 to hold that a challenge to an arbitration...
Rent-A-Center, Inc. v. Jackson — Who Is The Proper ‘Gatekeeper’ Of Arbitrability? Divided Supreme Court Reverses Ninth Circuit In Rent-A-Center, West, Inc. v. Jackson
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
Near the close of its 2009-2010 term, the United States Supreme Court, by a 5-4 decision, applied the doctrine of separability2 established in Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood & Conklin Mfg. Co.3 to hold that a challenge to an arbitration...
Appeal Court Quashes Arbitral Award Regarding Protection of Personal Information
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
PDF Version In Syndicat de Autobus Terremont ltée (CSN) c. Autobus Terremont ltée[i] the Quebec Court of Appeal held that a grievance arbitrator's interpretation of "third persons" and "consent" for purposes of the Act respecting the protection of personal information...
Rent-A-Center, Inc. v. Jackson — Who Is The Proper ‘Gatekeeper’ Of Arbitrability? Divided Supreme Court Reverses Ninth Circuit In Rent-A-Center, West, Inc. v. Jackson
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
Near the close of its 2009-2010 term, the United States Supreme Court, by a 5-4 decision, applied the doctrine of separability2 established in Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood & Conklin Mfg. Co.3 to hold that a challenge to an arbitration...
Appeal Court Quashes Arbitral Award Regarding Protection of Personal Information
Arbitration News / 03 August 2010
In Syndicat de Autobus Terremont ltée (CSN) c. Autobus Terremont ltée[i] the Quebec Court of Appeal held that a grievance arbitrator's interpretation of "third persons" and "consent" for purposes of the Act respecting the protection of personal information in the...