It is an established principle in arbitration globally, that non-parties to the arbitration agreement (or submission agreement) cannot participate in the arbitration proceedings.

The 4th SOAS London Arbitration in Africa Conference was held at the Kigali Convention Centre and brought together many arbitration practitioners from Africa and outside the continent.

It is sometimes easy for our industry to set aside the benefits of avoiding dispute before it gets started, so it’s a welcome sight to see progress, particularly in the second edition of the FIDIC “Red Book”.

Traditionally, litigation is the Hulk of dispute resolution between two or more parties. Other alternatives such as mediation, conciliation and arbitration came into the scene as a disruption to the rigidity of litigation